Generally because the force area of the two chambers of the cylinder is not the same.
The force area of the intake chamber under the action of thrust is the area of the inner circle of the cylinder, while the force area of the intake chamber under the action of tension is (the area of the inner circle of the cylinder — the area of the cylinder rod). The force area of the two is different from the area of a cylinder rod, so thrust – tension = (cylinder rod area × pneumatic pressure).
The reason why the cylinder thrust is larger than the pull can be explained from the direction of the gas molecules and the cylinder structure:
1. Direction of movement of gas molecules: In a closed cylinder, gas molecules will move randomly in all directions during thermal motion, but more pressure is exerted on the inside of the cylinder. When the piston in the cylinder moves outward, the gas molecules are squeezed into a smaller space, changing their speed and direction of motion, causing them to exert more pressure outwards, creating thrust.
2. Cylinder structure: The cylinder is generally composed of cylinder barrel, piston, piston rod and seals. In the cylinder, there is a certain gap between the piston and the cylinder barrel, and the piston rod can withstand tension in the cylinder head. Thus, in pushing the piston outward, the pressure inside the cylinder creates an outward pressure ring around the piston, further increasing the thrust. In inward motion, the space around the piston stretches the gas molecules, creating an inward pressure ring that also increases the pull, but not nearly as much as the thrust.
To sum up, the larger the cylinder thrust than the pull is caused by the thrust generated by the gas molecules under extrusion and the thrust ring generated by the cylinder structure design.
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